Which variable is typically represented on the y-axis?

In a graph, the y-axis typically represents the dependent variable. The dependent variable is one that is observed or measured in response to changes in another variable, known as the independent variable, which is displayed on the x-axis. This relationship highlights how the outcome of the dependent variable is contingent upon variations in the independent variable.

When creating a graph, the arrangement of these axes helps communicate the influence of one variable on another. By placing the dependent variable on the y-axis, it visually indicates that this variable's value is expected to change based on different values of the independent variable. This format allows for easier interpretation of the data and understanding of the relationships being analyzed.

The other variables mentioned, such as controlled and constant variables, are essential in experimental design; they help ensure that any observed changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to manipulation of the independent variable without interference from other factors. However, they do not play a direct role in how the graph is structured in terms of the axes used. Thus, the correct characterization of the y-axis is that it represents the dependent variable, which elucidates the outcome being studied.