Which of the following would be classified as a fact?

The classification of a statement as a fact hinges on its ability to be objectively verified or proven true through evidence. The statement "The Earth orbits the sun" is a scientific fact that has been established through extensive observation and research. This heliocentric model, proposed by Copernicus and supported by subsequent astronomers and physicists, is a fundamental understanding in astronomy that can be confirmed through empirical data, such as the movements of celestial bodies and the principles of gravity.

In contrast, the other statements reflect opinions or beliefs rather than objective truths. For instance, stating that "Astrology is a science" encompasses subjective interpretations of what constitutes a science, and it is widely regarded as a pseudoscience by the scientific community. Similarly, the notion that "Exercise is essential for health," while supported by research, can still be viewed within varying contexts and interpretations regarding individual health needs and definitions of "essential." Lastly, suggesting that "Math is the most important subject" reflects personal opinion, perhaps influenced by individual experiences or educational perspectives, rather than an objective measure of importance across all fields or for all individuals. Thus, the statement about the Earth's orbit stands apart due to its verifiable nature, solidifying it as a fact.