What is a statement that can be proven or disproven through analysis?

The correct answer identifies a fact as a statement that can be proven or disproven through analysis. A fact is a verifiable piece of information that is based on objective reality and can be tested through observation, measurement, or research. For example, stating that "water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level" can be tested and confirmed, making it a fact.

In contrast, other options do not offer the same certainty. An opinion expresses personal beliefs or feelings and cannot be universally proven or disproven since it varies from person to person. An assumption is typically a belief taken for granted without proof, thus lacking the basis for analysis. A theory, while it can be supported by evidence, is still a framework or explanation that is not definitively proven; it may evolve or change with new evidence. Thus, the defining characteristic of a fact is its verifiability, establishing it as the correct choice.